Fatty Liver Severity Calculator

Calculate the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) from ALT, AST, BMI, sex, and diabetes status. Screen for hepatic steatosis severity in NAFLD/MASLD with validated cutoffs and exportable results.

Enter your details — results appear below after you calculate.

Demographics & body metrics

Sex
Type 2 diabetes?

Liver function tests

Typical reference: 10–40 U/L

Typical reference: 7–56 U/L · must be > 0 for ALT/AST ratio

How this Fatty Liver Severity calculator works

This tool computes the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI)—a validated blood-based score for hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) per Lee et al. Digestive and Liver Disease 2010. HSI < 30 rules out steatosis (~93% sensitivity); HSI > 36 rules it in (~92% specificity); scores between are indeterminate and need liver ultrasound or specialist review.

Enter sex, height and weight (BMI is calculated automatically), type 2 diabetes status, and AST and ALT (U/L) from your latest blood work.

Results include HSI value, full formula component breakdown (8 × ALT/AST, BMI, sex and diabetes adjustments), steatosis category (rule out / indeterminate / rule in), severity grade (unlikely through significant), ALT/AST ratio analysis, individual lab reference status, health score, clinical interpretation, FIB-4/NFS fibrosis screening guidance, and PDF export.

Pair with our FIB-4 Liver Fibrosis Calculator, NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS), Fatty Liver Risk, and Metabolic Syndrome Risk calculators for broader metabolic liver context. HSI screens for fat—not fibrosis. This is an educational screening tool—not a diagnosis. Seek hepatology care for high HSI with persistently elevated enzymes. Emergency care for jaundice, vomiting blood, or severe abdominal swelling.

Quick reference: HSI < 30 rules out steatosis · 30 to 36 is indeterminate (needs ultrasound) · HSI > 36 suggests likely steatosis · > 45 suggests more extensive burden. Scroll below for formula breakdown, worked examples, HSI vs FIB-4 vs NFS, steatosis grades S0–S3, clinical screening guidance, diet and lifestyle options, lab variable explanations, common mistakes, and 30 FAQs.

Fatty Liver Severity Calculator – Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI)

Millions search "fatty liver severity calculator", "hepatic steatosis index", and "HSI calculator" each year. The Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) is a validated non-invasive formula that estimates the likelihood and severity of hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) using routine blood tests and body metrics: ALT, AST, BMI, sex, and type 2 diabetes status. Our free calculator applies the Lee et al. Digestive and Liver Disease 2010 formula with published cutoffs, component breakdown, severity grading, and exportable results.

Pair results with our FIB-4 Liver Fibrosis Calculator, NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS) Calculator, Fatty Liver Risk Calculator, and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Calculator for comprehensive metabolic liver health assessment.

Why Calculate Hepatic Steatosis Index?

NAFLD/MASLD affects roughly 25–30% of adults worldwide and is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. HSI helps triage who likely has hepatic steatosis versus who can be reassured—with ~93% sensitivity at the low cutoff and ~92% specificity at the high cutoff. Unlike fibrosis scores (FIB-4, NFS), HSI specifically screens for fat accumulation, not scarring.

1What You Enter

Demographics & body metrics

  • Age — years (18–100); for clinical context and fibrosis screening
  • Sex — male or female (+2 HSI if female)
  • Height & weight — BMI calculated automatically
  • Type 2 diabetes — yes/no (+2 HSI if yes)

Laboratory values

  • AST & ALT — U/L from liver panel

Example (Rule out — steatosis unlikely)

Male, BMI 22, ALT 20, AST 25, no diabetes → ALT/AST = 0.80 → HSI = 8 × 0.80 + 22 = 28.4 — below 30, steatosis unlikely. Continue healthy habits.

Example (Rule in — likely steatosis)

Female, BMI 32, ALT 50, AST 30, diabetes → ALT/AST = 1.667 → HSI = 8 × 1.667 + 32 + 2 + 2 = 49.34 — above 36, likely significant steatosis. Hepatology review and fibrosis screening advised.

Example (Indeterminate zone)

Female, BMI 26, ALT 30, AST 28, no diabetes → ALT/AST = 1.071 → HSI = 8 × 1.071 + 26 + 2 = 34.6 — indeterminate (30 to 36). Request liver ultrasound and metabolic workup.

2HSI Formula & Cutoffs

HSI = 8 × (ALT/AST) + BMI + 2 (if female) + 2 (if type 2 diabetes)

HSI RangeCategorySeverityClinical Action
< 30Rule out steatosisUnlikely (S0)Lifestyle maintenance; annual monitoring
30 to 36IndeterminatePossible (S1)Liver ultrasound; metabolic workup
> 36Rule in steatosisLikely mild (36–40)7–10% weight loss; FIB-4/NFS screening
> 40Rule in steatosisLikely moderate (40–45)Intensified lifestyle; hepatology if enzymes persist
> 45Rule in steatosisLikely significant (>45)Hepatology review; imaging quantification

Published by Lee et al. in a cohort of 10,724 Korean subjects. AUROC 0.812. HSI < 30: sensitivity 93.1% for ruling out NAFLD. HSI > 36: specificity 92.4% for detecting NAFLD.

HSI vs FIB-4 vs NFS vs Fatty Liver Risk — When to Use Each

CalculatorScreens ForKey InputsBest Use
HSI (this tool)Steatosis (fat)ALT, AST, BMI, sex, diabetesFirst-line steatosis screening with basic labs
FIB-4Advanced fibrosis (F3–F4)Age, AST, ALT, plateletsAfter steatosis confirmed; 4 inputs only
NAFLD NFSAdvanced fibrosis (F3–F4)Age, BMI, diabetes, AST, ALT, platelets, albuminNAFLD-specific fibrosis staging
Fatty Liver RiskFuture NAFLD riskLifestyle, waist, diet, alcoholNo blood tests yet; prevention screening

Clinical pathway: Fatty Liver Risk (no labs) → HSI (steatosis with enzymes) → FIB-4 or NFS (fibrosis staging) → FibroScan (if indeterminate). Steatosis severity and fibrosis stage are independent — always assess both.

Understanding Steatosis Grades (S0–S3)

Histological steatosis is graded by the percentage of hepatocytes containing fat droplets. HSI detects presence of steatosis reliably but cannot precisely grade S2 vs S3 without imaging.

GradeLiver Fat %HSI CorrelationReversibility
S0 — None< 5%HSI < 30N/A — maintain health
S1 — Mild5–33%HSI 30–40Highly reversible with lifestyle
S2 — Moderate33–66%HSI 40–45Reversible; may need specialist care
S3 — Severe> 66%HSI > 45 (approximate)Reversible but higher NASH/fibrosis risk

Worked HSI Examples

Example (Rule out — steatosis unlikely)

Male, 175 cm, 70 kg (BMI 22.9), ALT 20, AST 25, no diabetes. ALT/AST = 0.80 → HSI = 8 × 0.80 + 22.9 = 29.3 — below 30, steatosis unlikely. Continue healthy habits.

Example (Indeterminate zone)

Female, 162 cm, 72 kg (BMI 27.4), ALT 35, AST 30, no diabetes. ALT/AST = 1.167 → HSI = 33.2 — indeterminate. Request liver ultrasound and metabolic panel.

Example (Rule in — likely steatosis)

Male, 175 cm, 92 kg (BMI 30.0), ALT 48, AST 35, no diabetes. ALT/AST = 1.371 → HSI = 40.97 — likely moderate steatosis. Target 7–10% weight loss; calculate FIB-4.

Example (Rule in — significant burden)

Female, 160 cm, 82 kg (BMI 32.0), ALT 55, AST 32, diabetes yes. ALT/AST = 1.719 → HSI = 49.75 — likely significant steatosis. Hepatology referral and fibrosis screening advised.

Lifestyle Interventions for Fatty Liver

  • 7–10% weight loss — most evidence-based intervention for steatosis reversal; even 3–5% improves enzymes
  • Mediterranean diet — olive oil, fish, vegetables, whole grains; limit red meat and processed foods
  • Limit fructose — sugary drinks and high-fructose corn syrup drive hepatic de novo lipogenesis
  • Exercise — 150+ min/week aerobic plus resistance training 2–3× weekly; reduces liver fat independent of weight loss
  • Alcohol — limit or avoid; even moderate intake worsens steatosis in MASLD
  • Glycemic control — HbA1c target per diabetes guidelines; GLP-1 agonists show emerging liver benefits

India & South Asia Screening Notes

NAFLD prevalence in India exceeds 25% in urban adults, with higher rates in those with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Asian Indians develop steatosis at lower BMI ("lean NAFLD") due to central adiposity and insulin resistance—HSI may be indeterminate despite ultrasound steatosis. Use Asian waist cutoffs (≥80 cm women, ≥90 cm men) alongside HSI. Pair with our Waist-to-Height Ratio Calculator and Insulin Resistance Calculator.

Common HSI Mistakes to Avoid

1. Confusing steatosis with fibrosis

High HSI means likely fat in the liver—not scarring. Always screen fibrosis separately with FIB-4 or NFS. A patient can have severe steatosis with no advanced fibrosis.

2. Ignoring indeterminate scores

HSI 30–36 cannot rule in or out steatosis. Request liver ultrasound rather than repeating HSI alone or assuming a healthy liver.

3. Using HSI during heavy alcohol use

Alcohol elevates AST more than ALT, lowering the ALT/AST ratio and artificially reducing HSI. Evaluate alcohol intake with our Alcohol Impact Calculator.

4. Treating low HSI as guaranteed healthy liver

Low HSI excludes significant steatosis but not future risk. Lean patients with central obesity may have discordant HSI and imaging. Continue metabolic monitoring.

5. Including prediabetes as diabetes

The Lee formula adds +2 only for type 2 diabetes, not prediabetes or IFG. Selecting Yes incorrectly raises HSI by 2 points.

When to Seek Emergency Care

  • Jaundice (yellow eyes or skin) with high HSI and elevated enzymes
  • Vomiting blood or black tarry stools
  • Severe abdominal pain or rapidly enlarging abdomen
  • Confusion, drowsiness, or personality change (hepatic encephalopathy)
  • Call 102 or 108 (India ambulance) or go to the nearest emergency department

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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